El artículo busca discutir algunos de los posicionamientos de Heidegger en su época nazi, mostrando que la base de su error político está en su nacionalismo. Esto lo ha hecho caer en una interpretación de la historia de Alemania como una opción opuesta a la modernidad y lo ha inducido a perder de vista las relaciones de interdependencia mutua entre facticidad y trascendencia. El nacionalismo se presenta así como un desvío del propósito universalista de la filosofía y el error de (...) Heidegger como un abandono del propósito esencial de la filosofía. We discuss some aspects of Heidegger's stance during his nazi period. We show that the root of his political error lies in his nationalism. This led him to understand the history of Germany as an option opposed to modernity, while losing sight of the mutual dependence of facticity and transcendence. Nationalism appears thus as a deviation from the universalist aim of philosophy and Heidegger's error as defection from philosophy's essential purpose. (shrink)

El artículo expone la crítica de Heidegger a la idea del pacto social de Rousseau, mostrando cómo ella conduce al pensador alemán a la afirmación de la facticidad por encima de la universalidad. Esta derivación explica por qué Heidegger cayó en el nacionalismo, y por qué simpatizó con el nazismo, alejándose con ello de los propósitos universalistas que conlleva toda filosofía. This article puts forward Heidegger's criticism of Rousseau's idea of the Social Contract and shows how it leads the German (...) thinker to affirm prevalence of facticity over universalism. This drift helps to explain why Heidegger fell into nationalism and why he sympathised with Nazi politics, moving away from the universalist purposes entailed by every philosophy. (shrink)

El artículo busca establecer las relaciones entre la política, entendida en su uso más común, y la filosofía. Para ello, se analizan e interpretan algunos fragmentos de Heráclito sobre "lo común" y las afirmaciones y experiencias de otros filósofos, como Nietzsche y Platón. En esta comparación se determinan rasgos esenciales tanto de la política como de la filosofía y se responde a lo que puede ser una relación no distorsionada entre ambas.We seek to ascertain the relations between politics, understood in (...) the most ordinary sense of the word, and philosophy. To this end, we analyze and interpret some fragments of Heraclitus about "the common" and the assertions and experiences of other philosophers, such as Nietzsche and Plato. Through this comparison we fix some essential traits of both politics and philosophy and propose what could be a non-distorted relation between them. (shrink)

The expressivist account of knowledge attributions, while claiming that these attributions are nonfactual, also typically holds that they retain a factual component. This factual component involves the attribution of a belief. The aim of this work is to show that considerations analogous to those motivating an expressivist account of knowledge attributions can be applied to belief attributions. As a consequence, we claim that expressivists should not treat the so-called factual component as such. The phenomenon we focus on to claim that (...) belief attributions are non-factual is that of normative doxastic disagreement. We show through several examples that this kind of disagreement is analogous to that of the epistemic kind. The result will be a doxastic expressivism. Finally, we answer some objections that our doxastic expressivism could seem to face. (shrink)

Job satisfaction is a core variable in the study and practice of organizational psychology because of its implications for desirable work outcomes. Knowledge of its antecedents is abundant and informative, but there are still psychological processes underlying job satisfaction that have not received complete attention. This is the case of employee emotion regulation. In this study, we argue that employees’ behaviors directed to manage their affective states participate in their level of job satisfaction and hypothesize that employee affect-improving and -worsening (...) emotion regulation behaviors increase and decrease, respectively, job satisfaction, through the experience of positive and negative affect. Using a diary study with a sample of professionals from diverse jobs and organizations, for the most part, the mediational hypotheses were supported by the results albeit a more complex relationship was found in the case of affect worsening emotion regulation. This study contributes to expanding the job satisfaction and emotion regulation literatures and informs practitioners in people management in organizations about another route to foster and sustain positive attitudes at work. (shrink)

Parmi les nombreuses réflexions consacrées à l’espace de la ville et à sa condition contemporaine, certaines considèrent que les relations à l’intérieur des villes sont décisives pour penser aujourd’hui le fonctionnement social. Ces relations, en tant que productrices de signification, sont l’objet des sciences du langage, en particulier lorsque celles-ci estiment que le sens se constitue socialement et historiquement. Les cinq textes réunis ici se rattachent au thème de recherche Savoir urba..

As COVID-19 emerged as a phenomenon of the total environment, and despite the intertwined and complex relationships that make humanity an organic part of the Bio- and Geospheres, the majority of our responses to it have been corrective in character, with few or no consideration for unintended consequences which bring about further vulnerability to unanticipated global events. Tackling COVID-19 entails a systemic and precautionary approach to human-nature relations, which we frame as regaining diversity in the Geo-, Bio-, and Anthropospheres. Its (...) implementation requires nothing short of an overhaul in the way we interact with and build knowledge from natural and social environments. Hence, we discuss the urgency of shifting from current to precautionary approaches to COVID-19 and look, through the lens of diversity, at the anticipated benefits in four systems crucially affecting and affected by the pandemic: health, land, knowledge and innovation. Our reflections offer a glimpse of the sort of changes needed, from pursuing planetary health and creating more harmonious forms of land use to providing a multi-level platform for other ways of knowing/understanding and turning innovation into a source of global public goods. These exemplary initiatives introduce and solidify systemic thinking in policymaking and move priorities from reaction-based strategies to precautionary frameworks. (shrink)

El documento de Medellín constituye el punto de partida de una reflexión cristológica original en América Latina. En este ensayo se concluye que esta originalidad estriba en haber reconocido a la historia una importancia epistemológica mayor. Esta innovación condujo a los teólogos latinoamericanos a repensar la cruz en favor de la liberación de los pobres más que como instrumento de perdón de los pecados. A este efecto se compara la cristología de la liberación desarrollada después de la II Conferencia General (...) del Episcopado Latinoamericano con la cristología de los manuales preconciliares de De Verbo incarnato. La crítica de Eduardo Briancesco a la cristología de Medellín, recogida al comienzo del texto, es útil para ver la transición de un paradigma teológico a otro. (shrink)

El libro de Oriana Zorrilla es un texto de investigación periodística importante, que instala en el debate nacional un tema que coloca la experiencia existencial del maltrato en el escenario democrático, retratando una realidad desconocida de acoso laboral a los empleados públicos, constituyéndose en un tema político sobre la calidad y profundidad de nuestra democracia. Ya en el prólogo Armando Uribe señala que el libro “es la denuncia bien fundada en la historia personal y colectiva, y tiene..

Horizontes da religião (Horizons of religion) - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2011v9n23p633.

Progressive supranuclear palsy is a movement disorder with prominent tau neuropathology. Brain diseases with abnormal tau deposits are called tauopathies, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease. Environmental causes of tauopathies include repetitive head trauma associated with some sports. To identify common genetic variation contributing to risk for tauopathies, we carried out a genome-wide association study of 1,114 individuals with PSP and 3,247 controls followed by a second stage in which we genotyped 1,051 cases and 3,560 controls for the (...) stage 1 SNPs that yielded P ≤ 10-3. We found significant previously unidentified signals associated with PSP risk at STX6, EIF2AK3 and MOBP. We confirmed two independent variants in MAPT affecting risk for PSP, one of which influences MAPT brain expression. The genes implicated encode proteins for vesicle-membrane fusion at the Golgi-endosomal interface, for the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and for a myelin structural component. © 2011 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved. (shrink)

A través de una pluma de lenguaje llano y directo, Jaime Valdivieso enfrenta el viejo, pero ni menos importante ni nada resuelto problema de la identidad chilena y latinoamericana, en su libro Identidad, Latinoamericanismo y Bicentenario (2010). El libro está constituido por un conjunto de ensayos escritos y publicados por el autor, y que se recopilan para esta edición. El problema de la identidad dentro de este contexto, es constantemente arrastrado como las cadenas de un fantasma, la pesad..

Gender Dysphoria in Children and Controversies about its Treatment: Two Different Conceptions of Gender Identity Disforia de gênero em crianças e controvérsias em seu tratamento: duas concepções diferentes sobre a identidade de gênero Gender dysphoria is a marked mismatch between the sex felt or expressed by an individual and that assigned to them at birth. It is associated with clinically significant discomfort or social impairment and can occur in children, adolescents, and adults. The literature mainly describes three approaches for preadolescents: (...) therapeutic model, watchful waiting, and gender affirmative model. However, there is currently no consensus on its treatment nor any evidence that favors one approach over another. This paper provides a brief review of the existing literature on gender dysphoria, explains various approaches for children, and discusses the anthropological views behind them. We argue that at least two ways of understanding gender identity have given rise to disagreements over the proposed treatments. It is quite important to comprehend the anthropological assumptions on which these models are based since they underlie different conceptions of the person’s sex-gender relationship and, therefore, the role of corporality and self-awareness in gender identity. Para citar este artículo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigo Cox P, Carrasco MA. Disforia de género en niños y controversias en su tratamiento: dos concepciones distintas sobre la identidad de género. Pers bioet. 2020;24:57-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2020.24.1.5 Recibido: 30/10/2019 Aceptado: 03/01/2020 Publicado: 07/05/2020. (shrink)

El presente proyecto de investigación se ubica en el marco del equipo Innova de la Universidad de Deusto. “El equipo Innova es un equipo de investigación interfacultaticio que tiene como propósito el desarrollo de la innovación desde una perspectiva multifocal, ya que trata aspectos tan diversos como: organizativos, formativos y estructurales.” En este contexto se espera que la presente investigación pueda realizar una aportación sustancial en lo relativo al papel que desempañan las Competencias Genéricas en los procesos de educación superior. (...) Se estima que los resultados por alcanzar en este trabajo habrán de responder a demandas que se presentan en el contexto educativo actual, en el marco de una sociedad caracterizada por la complejidad. Uno de los aspectos innovadores que define a esta indagación es, en el concierto de la interdisciplinariedad mencionada líneas arriba, el abordar cuestiones centrales del saber pedagógico bajo la perspectiva de la Hermenéutica filosófica. Puntualmente se toman aquí dos temas que son muy caros para la Pedagogía, el primero de ellos es ‘el problema de la comprensión’ y el otro lo concerniente a la ‘significatividad’. En la literatura preponderante en el ámbito pedagógico el abordaje de estas dos categorías se realiza recurriendo a los aportes de la psicología cognitiva. En el presente trabajo se asume este dato, pero se aborda sistemáticamente desde otro campo disciplinar como es la Hermenéutica filosófica. Las disciplinas filosóficas en general y en este caso particular la Hermenéutica, entran en diálogo con diversos campos científicos, como aquí lo hacen con la Pedagogía, bajo una perspectiva crítica y, a la vez, totalizante. Es decir, procuran reunir los aportes de los diversos campos científicos al tiempo de atender las articulaciones y las tensiones que entre ellos puedan surgir, al abordar el problema desde un horizonte más amplio que el que cae bajo el específico objeto de estudio de cada disciplina. Se busca, de este modo, una adecuada articulación entre los aportes específicos de cada campo científico bajo una lectura integradora que es propia de la Filosofía. Este posicionamiento es fundamental y, en este sentido innovador, al procurar enriquecer el campo de las Competencias Genéricas mediante las ‘Competencias Semánticas’, que se mueven en el ámbito de la significatividad y el sentido, requisitos imprescindibles para que un sujeto pueda posicionarse personal y comunitariamente en una sociedad compleja. Para lograr este cometido se ha recurrido a una metodología de investigación cualitativa de análisis de contenido, que se ha aplicado a una selección de obras que refieren a la hermenéutica de H-G. Gadamer y P. Ricoeur. (shrink)

We examine ethical considerations in access to facial transplantation (FT), with implications for promoting health equity. As a form of vascularised composite allotransplantation, FT is still considered innovative with a relatively low volume of procedures performed to date by a small number of active FT programmes worldwide. However, as numbers continue to increase and institutions look to establish new FT programmes, we anticipate that attention will shift from feasibility towards ensuring the benefits of FT are equitably available to those in (...) need. This manuscript assesses barriers to care and their ethical implications across a number of considerations, with the intent of mapping various factors relating to health equity and fair access to FT. Evidence is drawn from an evolving clinical experience as well as published scholarship addressing several dimensions of access to FT. We also explore novel concerns that have yet to be mentioned in the literature. (shrink)

This essay addresses the question of the problem of method in John Rawls' theory, that is, the justification of this theory of justice as fairness. Three possible answers have been considered: the contract argument, the reflective equilibrium and the constructivism. What has not been considered, however, are their relations to one another. Are they, perhaps, contradictory methodological strategies? Is it possible to talk of a 'circle of demostration', as P. Ricoeur does? This paper outlines an answer to these questions, focussing (...) upon the decisive tole played by the contract argument. (shrink)

For families all over the world, going through a pandemic has presented a number of challenges. In particular, social distancing measures involving the closure of schools and day care centers, as well as increasing work hours at home, made parents face very demanding situations. However, we know little about whether parents’ burnout levels are influenced by the age of their children. This study sought to determine whether levels of parental burnout are higher in families with at least one child under (...) the age of four than in families with older children. The second goal was to explore whether having children under 4 years of age moderates the relationship between parental cooperation and PB. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 651 participants since May 18th until August 27th, 2020. The main results showed that child age is a predictor of PB. Besides, having a child aged 0–4 years old moderates the relationship between parental cooperation and PB. Finally, it was found that in cases where there was at least one child under 4 years of age in the family, with one of the partners who worked remotely, the respondent’s PB rose by 7.9 points. The implications of these results with respect to the consideration of children’s ages in the different parental scenarios were discussed. (shrink)

Resenha do livro de Paolo Stellino e Olivier Tinland, Nietzsche et le relativisme. Bruxelles: Éditions Ousia, 2019. 298 p.

Some recent literature [Hicks, M. T. and van Elswyk. P., (2015) pp. 433-443, 2015; Bhogal, H. (2017), pp. 447-460] has argued that the non-Humean conceptions of laws of nature have a same weakness as the Humean conceptions of laws of nature. That is, both conceptions face an explanatory circularity problem. The argument is as follows: the Humean and the non-Humean conceptions of laws of nature agree that the law statements are universal generalisations; thus, both conceptions are vulnerable to an explanatory (...) circularity problem between the laws of nature and their instances. In this paper, I argue that Armstrong’s necessitarian view of laws of nature is invulnerable to this explanatory circularity problem. (shrink)

In this chapter I will bring together two seemingly irreconcilable aspects of Rorty’s intellectual biography: on the one hand its consistency, loyalty, and deference to what I call his “vision,” and on the other, the expansiveness, capaciousness, voraciousness, and encyclopedic thrust of that vision. I argue that in contrast to many canonical philosophers, Rorty did not undergo a turn, a “Kehre,” a shift, a revelation, a Damascus moment. Rather, when reading his epochal texts, and numerous essays, one gets the impression (...) of an Amazonian river widening its shores and drinking its tributaries, relentlessly moving forward following its own course. I thus argue that we think of Rorty, following Berlin’s famous allegory, as a foxy hedgehog, one that pursued one truth, while rummaging inquisitively along the plains and forests of Western culture. From Platonism to metaphilosophy, from metaphilosophy to post-philosophy, and from there to the project of a liberal utopia, which brings together what I called his Brechtian patriotism, with his honest, open, and sincere ethnocentrism, the Rortyan vision has been held steady by one thought: “There are only languages that serve some human purposes better than others. Human purposes and human languages change in tandem with each other” (Rorty 2010, p. 22). Another way of expressing this vision is to say that what makes humans a unique animal is that we can recreate ourselves by means of changing our vocabularies. (shrink)

O artigo introduz a questão da relação entre a Igreja hierárquica e a mulher, afirmando que, desde seus começos, o cristianismo teve dificuldades para compreender o comportamento de Jesus para com as mulheres. Destaca alguns sinais do surgimento, no século XX, de uma nova consciência feminina, caracterizada pela emergência do “pensamento autônomo”. Em contraposição às mudanças do universo feminino e referindo-se ao “desconhecimento da mulher” que caracterizou o Vaticano II, o artigo refere-se à dificuldade da Igreja em identificar a ideologia (...) heterônoma que a caracteriza. “Há sempre um outro que manda”: o rei, o senhor, o homem, o pai – sobre o que se constrói a figura de um Deus poderoso e distante. Para corroborar a dificuldade de passar do pensamento heterônomo ao pensamento autônomo, particularmente para os bispos – e seguindo a teóloga Ivone Gebara – a reflexão toma como objeto paradigmático de leitura as falas do Arcebispo de Recife frente ao caso da menina estuprada pelo padrasto, ocorrido em 2009. Conclui: Os textos mais inovadores do Vaticano II não conseguiram romper com a imagem de heteronomia herdada do passado. Hoje não existe caminho para a Igreja fora do diálogo com a modernidade, o que implica, em primeiro lugar, uma atitude autocrítica. Palavras-chave : Igreja hierárquica. Vaticano II. Mulher.This article introduces the question of the relationship between the Church hierarchy and the women, arguing that since its beginnings, Christianity struggled to understand the attitude of Jesus toward women. It highlights some signs of the emergence in the twentieth century, of a new feminine consciousness, characterized by the emergence of an "autonomous thinking." In contrast to the changing world of women and referring to the “unknown woman” that characterized the Vatican II, this article refers to the difficulty to indentify the heteronomous ideology that characterizes the Church. "There's always another that gives orders" the king, the lord, the man, the father – under which the figure of a mighty and distant God is built on. To corroborate the difficulty to pass from an autonomous thought to a heteronomous thinking, particularly for the bishops - and following the theologian Ivone Gebara – this article analyzes the speeches of the Archbishop of Recife concerning the case of the girl raped by her stepfather, held in 2009. In conclusion: The most innovative texts of Vatican II were not able to break with the image of heteronomy from the past. Today there is no way for the Church out of the dialogue with modernity, which implies, first, a self-critical attitude. Keywords: Hierarchical Church. Vatican II. Women - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2011v9n24p1280. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:From Methodological Naturalism to Interpretive Exclusivism About Religious PsychopathologyJosé Eduardo Porcher, PhDA particularly deep form of hermeneutical injustice arises when clinicians undermine a patient’s meaningful interpretation of their alleged psychotic symptoms within a religious framework. Cases like Femi’s (Rashed, 2010) illustrate how diagnosing and treating psychotic symptoms with religious content can perpetuate this injustice. Femi’s symptoms, which were very real, were interpreted solely as indicative of a psychotic (...) episode, without considering the possibility of a religious experience. Although hermeneutical injustice is often caused by negative stereotypes, lack of conceptual resources, implicit biases, practices of epistemic privileging, patronizing attitudes, and wrongful pathologization, I propose that interpretive exclusivism about religious psychopathology plays a pivotal role in causing hermeneutical injustice when attributing psychotic symptoms with religious content—that is, the view that an experience is either psychopathological or religious (Scrutton, 2023). Routinely, on attributing psychosis, the potential for the patient to have a genuine religious experience is disregarded and excluded from the therapeutic process and from the very realm of possibility. Why?In their thoughtful commentary, Rosa Ritunnano and Ian James Kidd do me the favor of not only giving careful attention to my argument, but also elucidating my position and providing avenues for further clarification. Although I have not gone much into what is behind interpretive exclusivism, they are right to point to unquestioning adherence to some form of naturalism. Contrary to what they intimate, however, I do not think we are speaking of different kinds of hermeneutical injustice. As I see it, we are speaking about the same kind of injustice, only at different levels of explanation. In my article, I rhetorically ask why [End Page 241] it is assumed that psychotic and religious experiences cannot coexist, and why it is assumed that the same experience cannot be both a genuine religious experience and an instance of psycho-pathology. Ritunnano and Kidd point in the right direction when they say, “Some interpretations of kinds of experience with religious content can be undermined if one is committed to a metaphysical naturalism” (2024, p. 235).Naturalism can be divided into two components: metaphysical and methodological (Papineau, 2020). The metaphysical component concerns the contents of reality, affirming the absence of “supernatural” or other metaphysically elusive entities. In contrast, the methodological component focuses on approaches to investigating reality and attributes a general authority to the scientific method. Therefore, metaphysical naturalism is the more comprehensive view, as it outright denies the existence of the supernatural. Meanwhile, methodological (or scientific) naturalism refers to a pragmatic approach within scientific inquiry, stating that the right methodology to investigate and research something (where this something might not be immediately obvious to be a scientific topic) is that of science, often particular of natural sciences.Although a commitment to metaphysical naturalism may at times be what lies behind interpretive exclusivism, we do not need to go that far, since a commitment to methodological naturalism is enough to breed unwarranted ontological exclusion in practice (Plantinga, 1997; Ratcliffe, 2003). This in turn leads to interpretive exclusivism which is, I argue, the main theoretical flaw behind the kind of hermeneutical injustice I am trying to flesh out. As Ritunnano and Kidd observe, either tacit or explicit adherence to such ontological exclusion causes individuals to struggle to view another person’s spiritual or religious interpretive framework as coherent or even intelligible. Note, however, that the opposite of interpretive exclusivism—that is, interpretive inclusivism—does not need to affirm that the experience is exclusively or even genuinely religious but rather keeps that question open while considering significant epistemic and meaning-making possibilities.Finally, in his commentary, Alasdair Coles (2024) proposes that I overlook the fact that some individuals undergo psychoses featuring deeply distressing and dark religious imagery, the dismissal of which can be therapeutically beneficial. He also contends that therapists often default to considering all religious content as inauthentic, contrasting this with my alleged stance, which he believes assumes the opposite extreme and may be equally or more harmful. In making these assertions, he misrepresents my argument on two counts. I took care to avoid implying that all religious experiences should be uncritically accepted and that all religious content is inherently... (shrink)

"Epistola a Memeceo, Maximas capitales, Sentencias vaticanas, fragmentos y testimonios; texto griego y traduccion": p. [87]-161.

O texto em questão apresenta o primeiro esboço de uma pesquisa mais ampla acerca da “Transcendência do Ego”, de J.-P. Sartre. Seu desenvolvimento, ora apresentado, pretende articular o sentido mais geral da fenomenologia de Husserlcom a aclimatação, algo abruta, feita por Sartre, no referido texto, da fenomenologia husserliana. Para isso, há que se levar em conta, parece-nos, tanto os problemas propriamente sartreanos que orientam seus interesses teóricos e a dita aclimatação, quanto os limites propriamente husserlianos para tal.

La sociedad del riesgo que han conceptualizado exhaustivamente sociólogos tan influyentes como Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens, Niklas Luhmann y Scott Lash es el referente sobre el cual el libro “Catástrofes Medioambientales. La reacción social y política” construye su eje problemático. Este es el objeto de estudio que da continuidad a los doce artículos que componen el texto, y lo que los integra en una obra coherente a pesar a de su diversidad. Estamos en este sentido ante un texto cuyas espec..